Beyond Extraction: A Framework for The Sustainable Management of Solid Minerals in Oke-Ogun Region, Nigeria

Igonor, E. E1*, Oyedokun, M. O2 and Olisa, G. O3

Abstract

The Oke-Ogun region of southwestern Nigeria has witnessed a rapid expansion of solid mineral extraction, yet the sector remains dominated by informal and poorly regulated operations. This study investigates the spatial distribution, scale, and impacts of active mining activities in the region, with the aim of assessing their environmental, socio-economic, and governance implications. Using a mixed-methods approach which integrates field mapping of 187 mining sites, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data from geological and policy reports, the research identifies the structural characteristics of Oke-Ogun’s mineral economy. Results reveal that artisanal and small-scale operations account for over 90% of mining activities, reflecting the sector’s highly informal nature and regulatory challenges. Gemstone extraction constitutes the most prevalent activity (89 sites), followed by granite quarrying (62 sites). Community perceptions highlight severe degradation of natural capital (88% report negative impacts) but notable gains in financial capital (75% report positive outcomes), illustrating the unsustainable trade-off between short-term income and long-term environmental resilience. Weak enforcement of the Minerals and Mining Act (2007), limited institutional capacity, and overlapping mandates exacerbate governance inefficiencies and stakeholder conflicts. Grounded in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), Stakeholder Theory, and the Resource-Curse Thesis, the study integrates environmental, socio-economic, and institutional dimensions into a holistic model for sustainable mineral governance. It concludes that OkeOgun’s mining economy embodies the paradox of local benefit amid structural vulnerability. The paper recommends formalization of artisanal mining cooperatives, community participation in decision-making, environmental rehabilitation funding, and diversification ofrural livelihoods. These interventions can help transform Oke-Ogun’s extractive sector from an informal, environmentally costly enterprise into a driver of inclusive and sustainable development.

Keywords

Corresponding Author

Igonor, E. E, Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Citation

Igonor, E, E., Oyedokun, M, O., Olisa, G, O. (2025). Beyond Extraction: A Framework for The Sustainable Management of Solid Minerals in Oke-Ogun Region, Nigeria. Econ Dev Glob Mark, 1(1), 01-15.