Journal of Economic Development & Global Markets

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Latest Research Articles & Publications

Closed-Loop Valuation and the Structural Consistency of Corporate Finance: A Multi-Path Framework Linking Capital, Return, Income, Cash Flow, and Value

Hany Hassanien Badr

Residual Income Attribution: A Structural Framework Linking Operating Surplus, Equity Absorption, and Net Income in a Closed-Loop System

Hany Hassanien Badr

Closed-Loop Valuation Systems: From Permissive Estimation to Structural Economic Proof

Hany Hassanien Badr

Operating-State Valuation Theory: ROIC, Economic Profit, and the Structural Origin of Corporate Value

Hany Hassanien Badr

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